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Kragerø

Coordinates: 58°53′13″N 9°20′49″E / 58.88694°N 9.34694°E / 58.88694; 9.34694
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kragerø Municipality
Kragerø kommune
Telemark within Norway
Telemark within Norway
Kragerø within Telemark
Kragerø within Telemark
Coordinates: 58°53′13″N 9°20′49″E / 58.88694°N 9.34694°E / 58.88694; 9.34694
CountryNorway
CountyTelemark
DistrictVestmar
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreKragerø
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Charlotte Therkelsen (R)
Area
 • Total305.46 km2 (117.94 sq mi)
 • Land288.63 km2 (111.44 sq mi)
 • Water16.83 km2 (6.50 sq mi)  5.5%
 • Rank#262 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total10,413
 • Rank#111 in Norway
 • Density36.1/km2 (93/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Decrease −2.7%
DemonymKragerøværing[1][2]
Official language
 • Norwegian formNeutral
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4014[4]
WebsiteOfficial website

Kragerø (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈkrɑ̀ːɡərœ] ) is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional districts of Grenland and the smaller Vestmar. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kragerø. Villages in Kragerø include Helle, Vadfoss, Kil, and Portør.[1]

The 305-square-kilometre (118 sq mi) municipality is the 262nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Kragerø is the 111th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,413. The municipality's population density is 36.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (93/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.7% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6]

In the days of the sailing ships, Kragerø was one of Norway's largest port cities. The London-based newspaper The Independent, published an article on Kragerø stating that "When Norwegians want to get away from it all they head for Kragero. Forests, fjords and islands await them at the place where Edvard Munch found peace and relaxation."[7] The population of Kragerø quadruples during its summer months due to high tourism. Edvard Munch fell in love with Kragerø in his time, and called it "The Pearl of the Coastal Towns" (Perlen blandt kystbyene.) In 2002, The Independent published an article on the region's coastline saying that "It may not have many sandy beaches, but the coast of Norway offers sophistication and stunning scenery."[8]

General information

[edit]
Øya in Kragerø seen from the town.
Credit: Ståle Kristoffersen
Kragerø Church

The town of Kragerø was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). Since it had been a town since 1666, the small town was granted self-governing rights under this new law. It was fully surrounded by the Sannikedal Municipality. On 1 January 1861, an area of Sannikedal (population: 857) that was adjacent to the growing town of Kragerø was annexed and transferred from Sannikedal to Kragerø. On 1 January 1891, an area of Skåtøy (population: 809) that was adjacent to the growing town of Kragerø was annexed and transferred from Skåtøy to Kragerø. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1960, the town of Kragerø (population: 4,638) was merged with the neighboring Skåtøy Municipality (population: 3,208) and Sannidal Municipality (population: 2,604).[9]

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the town of Kragerø) is named after the island of Kragerø (Old Norse: Krákarey) since the town was built on the island and mainland near it. The first element is kráka which means "crow". The last element is ey which means "island". The Norwegian spelling would have a k instead of the g, but Kragerø uses the Danish form of the name, established in the 17th century.[1]

Coat of arms

[edit]

Kragerø received town privileges as a kjøpstad in 1666. Upon being granted this status, the town was given an obligation to provide a galley with five canons to the King for use in the Navy. From 1666 until 1842, Kragerø was dependent on the nearby town of Skien and had to pay taxes to Skien. Because of this, Kragerø used a seal which was identical to that of Skien depicting two skis, a cross, and flower decorations. After 1842, Kragerø began using a galley as its seal.[10]

The coat of arms was granted on 28 January 1938 for the town of Kragerø and they were re-granted on 13 May 1960 after a municipal merger creating the present Kragerø Municipality. The official blazon is "Sable, a galley argent" (Norwegian: På svart bunn en sølv galei). This means the arms have a black field (background) and the charge is a galley. The galley has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms were designed by Einar Foss after a sketch made by Olaf Lia. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[11][10][12]

Churches

[edit]

The Church of Norway has five parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Kragerø. It is part of the Bamble prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Kragerø
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Helle Helle Church Helle 1981
Kragerø Kragerø Church Kragerø 1870
Levangsheia Støle Church Støle 1892
Sannidal Sannidal Church Kil 1772
Skåtøy Skåtøy Church Skåtøy 1862

Geography

[edit]

Kragerø is the southernmost municipality in Telemark. To the southwest, it borders the municipality of Risør (in Agder county); to the west is Gjerstad (also in Agder county); to the northwest is Drangedal; and to the northeast is Bamble. Kragerø is popular among Norwegians (as well as foreigners) as a vacation destination during the summer, when the population swells considerably.

The municipality includes 495 islands, islets, and skerries along with 4,000 leisure houses. There are also 190 freshwater lakes in the municipality. The main offshore islands include Tåtøy, Kragerø, Skåtøy, Langøy, Bærøy, Gumøy, Stråholmen, and Jomfruland. The Fossingfjord and Kilsfjord both are found in Kragerø. The large lake Toke is partially located in the northern part of Kragerø.

Government

[edit]

Kragerø Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[13] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Telemark District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Kragerø is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Kragerø kommunestyre 2023–2027 [14]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 8
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Red Party (Rødt) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:35
Kragerø kommunestyre 2019–2023 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Red Party (Rødt) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:35
Kragerø kommunestyre 2015–2019 [16][17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Red Party (Rødt) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:35
Kragerø kommunestyre 2011–2015 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Red Party (Rødt) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:35
Kragerø kommunestyre 2007–2011 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:35
Kragerø kommunestyre 2003–2007 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:35
Kragerø kommunestyre 1999–2003 [17][19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:35
Kragerø kommunestyre 1995–1999 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 15
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 3
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:45
Kragerø kommunestyre 1991–1995 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 5
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:45
Kragerø kommunestyre 1987–1991 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 20
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:45
Kragerø kommunestyre 1983–1987 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 12
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:45
Kragerø kommunestyre 1979–1983 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:45
Kragerø kommunestyre 1975–1979 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 16
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:45
Kragerø kommunestyre 1971–1975 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 20
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:45
Kragerø kommunestyre 1967–1971 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 20
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:45
Kragerø kommunestyre 1963–1967 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 23
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:45
Kragerø kommunestyre 1959–1963 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 27
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 9
Total number of members:53
Kragerø bystyre 1955–1959 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:29
Kragerø bystyre 1951–1955 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:28
Kragerø bystyre 1947–1951 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:28
Kragerø bystyre 1945–1947 [33]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and the Radical People's Party (Radikale Folkepartiet) 4
Total number of members:28
Kragerø bystyre 1937–1940* [34]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti) 8
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:28
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.
Kragerø bystyre 1934–1937 [35]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:28
Kragerø bystyre 1931–1934 [36]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:28
Kragerø bystyre 1928–1931 [37]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 8
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) 11
Total number of members:28
Kragerø bystyre 1925–1928 [38]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 13
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:28
Kragerø bystyre 1922–1925 [39]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) 11
Total number of members:28
Kragerø bystyre 1919–1922 [40]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:28

Mayors

[edit]

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Kragerø:[41]

  • 1838–1842: Daniel Bremer Juell
  • 1843–1843: Hans Kamstrup
  • 1844–1844: Albert Biørn
  • 1845–1846: Tellef Dahll Schweigaard
  • 1847–1847: Folkman Freck
  • 1848–1848: Hans Biørn Wenneberg
  • 1849–1849: Hans Schaanning
  • 1850–1850: L. Larsen
  • 1851–1851: Hans Schaanning
  • 1852–1852: L. Larsen
  • 1853–1853: Thomas Doran
  • 1854–1854: Lars Bastian Ridder Stabell
  • 1855–1855: Thomes Thomesen
  • 1856–1856: Hans Biørn Wenneberg
  • 1857–1858: Christian Rømer
  • 1859–1859: Peter Bredsdorff
  • 1860–1860: Hans Doran
  • 1861–1862: Halvor Andreas Bentsen
  • 1863–1863: Christian Homann
  • 1864–1864: Thomes Thomesen
  • 1865–1866: Lauritz Bentzon Thrap
  • 1867–1867: Halvor Andreas Bentsen
  • 1868–1868: Thomas Møller Wiborg
  • 1869–1869: Christian Homann
  • 1870–1870: Halvor Andreas Bentsen
  • 1871–1871: Christian Homann
  • 1872–1872: Peter Bredsdorff
  • 1873–1874: Johan Dahll
  • 1875–1875: Christian Rømer
  • 1876–1876: Halvor Andreas Bentsen
  • 1877–1878: Anton Larsen-Naur (H)
  • 1879–1880: Fredrik J. Mürer
  • 1881–1884: Anders Daae
  • 1885–1885: Anton Larsen-Naur (H)
  • 1886–1886: Nils August Synnestvedt
  • 1887–1887: Christian Gierløff (H)
  • 1888–1888: Jacob Aalborg
  • 1889–1890: Anton Larsen-Naur (H)
  • 1891–1891: Nils Christian Stockfleth Aall
  • 1892–1894: Søren Anton Wenneberg
  • 1895–1900: Carl Bundi (V)
  • 1901–1905: Ambortius Lindvig (V)
  • 1906–1907: Nicolay Wiborg (SmP)
  • 1908–1910: Godske Nielsen (H)
  • 1911–1913: Hartvig Johnsen (AvH)
  • 1914–1915: Knud Emanuel Olsen
  • 1916–1916: Nicolay Wiborg (FV)
  • 1917–1919: Rolf Svendsen (AvH)
  • 1920–1920: Hartvig Johnsen (AvH)
  • 1921–1921: Christen Eriksen Berg (V)
  • 1922–1922: Einar Juell (H)
  • 1923–1925: Anders Jørgensen (AvH)
  • 1926–1932: Anders Eide (H)
  • 1933–1934: Thorvald Naper (H)
  • 1935–1937: Tor Kivle (Ap)
  • 1938–1940: Daniel Bull (H)
  • 1941–1941: Henry Karlsen (NS)
  • 1941–1943: A.E. Abrahamsen (NS)
  • 1943–1944: L.P. Thoresen (NS)
  • 1944–1945: Olav Kvaalen (NS)
  • 1945–1945: Daniel Bull (H)
  • 1946–1946: Petter Bentsen (Ap)
  • 1946–1957: Thorbjørn Nilsen (Ap)
  • 1957–1959: Reidar Soløy (Ap)
  • 1960–1963: Arne Midgaard (Ap)
  • 1964–1975: Thorleif Knutsen (Ap)
  • 1976–1981: Einar Barland (KrF)
  • 1982–1983: Per Espeli (H)
  • 1984–1999: Magnar Kalseth (Ap)
  • 1999–2003: Kari Fosso (H)
  • 2003–2007: Erling Laland (Ap)
  • 2007–2015: Kåre Preben Hegland (H)
  • 2015–2019: Jone Blikra (Ap)
  • 2019–2023: Grunde Wegar Knudsen (Sp)
  • 2023-present: Charlotte Therkelsen (R)[42]

Notable people

[edit]
Hans Daae
Else Heiberg, 1961

Sport

[edit]

International relations

[edit]

Twin towns — Sister cities

[edit]

The following cities are twinned with Kragerø:[46]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Nilsen, Jan Erik; Huvenes, Fred; Lundbo, Sten, eds. (15 August 2023). "Kragerø". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  3. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  4. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ^ "Norway's seaside special". The Independent. London. 24 April 2004. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  8. ^ Mulholland, Siobhan (27 July 2002). "Is this the coolest Riviera?". The Independent. London. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  9. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  10. ^ a b "Kragerø, Telemark (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  11. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  12. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 13 May 1960. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  13. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  14. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Telemark". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  15. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Vestfold og Telemark". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2015 - Telemark". Valg Direktoratet.
  17. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Telemark". Valg Direktoratet.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1999" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2000. ISBN 8253748531. ISSN 0332-8023.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. ISBN 8253743351. ISSN 0332-8023.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. ISBN 8253737939. ISSN 0332-8023.
  22. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. ISBN 8253726325. ISSN 0332-8023.
  23. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. ISBN 8253720378. ISSN 0332-8023.
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  43. ^ Biography for Eugen Skjønberg at IMDb. Retrieved 26 January 2021
  44. ^ Biography for Kirsten Heiberg at IMDb. Retrieved 26 January 2021
  45. ^ Biography for Else Heiberg at IMDb. Retrieved 26 January 2021
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