Echinops
| Echinops | |
|---|---|
| |
| Echinops adenocaulos | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Carduoideae |
| Tribe: | Cardueae |
| Subtribe: | Echinopsinae Dumort. |
| Genus: | Echinops L. |
| Species | |
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About 130 species, see text | |
Echinops /ˈɛkɪnɒps/[1] is a genus of about 120 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, commonly known as globe thistles. They have spiny foliage and produce blue or white spherical flower heads. They are native to Europe, east to central Asia, and south to the mountains of tropical Africa.[2] Globe thistle is the host plant of weevil Larinus vulpes.[3]Many species belonging to the genus Echinops are traditionally used as medicinals mainly in Africa and Asia. The genus is reported to contain diverse secondary metabolites. More than 151 secondary metabolites have been reported from the genus in which thiophenic compounds held the biggest share. Various extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds from members of this genus are shown to exhibit different biological effects mainly anti-microbial, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory. However, there are a number of species in this genus that are claimed to have traditional medicinal uses but their biological effect not yet been evaluated.[4]
Species[edit]
Species include:
- Echinops adenocaulos
- Echinops amplexicaulis
- Echinops bannaticus
- Echinops ceratophorus
- Echinops chantavicus
- Echinops echinatus
- Echinops exaltatus
- Echinops giganteus
- Echinops gmelinii
- Echinops graecus
- Echinops humilis
- Echinops kotschyi
- Echinops latifolius
- Echinops longisetus"
- Echinops macrophyllus
- Echinops nivens
- Echinops niveus
- Echinops orientalis
- Echinops persepolitanus
- Echinops ritro (syn. Echinops ruthenicus)
- Echinops sahyadricus
- Echinops setifer
- Echinops sphaerocephalus
- Echinops spinosissimus
- Echinops tournefortii
- Echinops tschimganicus
Gallery[edit]
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Echinops adenocaulos before flowering -
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Echinops ruthenicus -
Echinops spinoissimus in Greece -
Echinops macrophyllus in Iran -
Echinops macrophyllus -
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Echinops amplexicaulis
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References[edit]
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
- ^ Skuhrovec, J., Volovnik, S. & Gosik, R. Description of the immature stages of Larinus vulpes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae) and notes on its biology. Zookeys, 2017, № 679, pp. 107—137 — https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/12560/
- ^ Helen Bitew and Ariaya Hymete (November 2019). "The Genus Echinops: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities: A Review".
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