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Chicago Transit Authority

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This article is about the transit agency. For other uses, see Chicago Transit Authority (disambiguation).

Chicago Transit Authority
A CTA Red Line train exiting the State Street subway
ParentRegional Transportation Authority
FoundedOctober 1, 1947; 77 years ago (October 1, 1947)
Headquarters567 West Lake Street, West Loop, Chicago, Illinois
LocaleChicago, Illinois & Suburbs
Service typeBus and Rapid Transit
RoutesBus: 140, Rail: 8
FleetBus: 1,879, Rail: 1,190
Daily ridership
  • 977,000 (total, 2023)[1]
  • 577,000 (bus, 2023)
  • 400,000 (rail, 2023)
Annual ridership
  • 279,146,200 (total, 2023)[2]
  • 161,699,200 (bus, 2023)
  • 117,447,000 (rail, 2023)
Fuel typeDiesel, Diesel-electric hybrid, Electric-Drive Motor/Battery
Chief executiveDorval R. Carter, Jr.[3]
Websitetransitchicago.com

The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is the operator of mass transit in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and some of its suburbs, including the trains of the Chicago "L" and CTA bus service. In 2023, the system had a ridership of 279,146,200, or about 977,000 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2024.

The CTA is an Illinois independent governmental agency[4] that started operations on October 1, 1947, upon the purchase and combination of the transportation assets of the Chicago Rapid Transit Company and the Chicago Surface Lines streetcar system. In 1952, CTA purchased the assets of the Chicago Motor Coach Company, which was under the control of Yellow Cab Company founder John D. Hertz, resulting in a fully unified system. Today, the CTA is one of the three service boards financially supported by the Regional Transportation Authority and CTA service connects with the commuter rail Metra, and suburban bus and regional paratransit service, Pace.

Operations

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Annual passenger boardings on CTA buses and trains from 1988 to 2018[5]
Entrance to CTA headquarters

The Chicago Transit Authority provides service in Chicago and 10 surrounding suburbs. The CTA provided a total of 532 million rides in 2011,[6] a 3 percent increase over 2010 with ridership rising to levels not seen for 20 years.[7]

The CTA operates 24 hours each day and on an average weekday provides 1.7 million rides on buses and trains. It has approximately 1,800 buses that operate over 140 routes traveling along 2,230 miles (3,590 km). Buses provide about one million passenger trips a day and serve more than 12,000 posted bus stops. The Chicago Transit Authority's 1,450 train cars operate over eight routes and 222 miles (357 km) of track. Its trains provide about 750,000 customer trips each weekday and serve 146 stations in Chicago and seven suburbs.[8]

Currently, the CTA provides regular service within Chicago and the neighboring suburbs of Forest Park, Evanston, Skokie, Oak Park, Summit, Cicero, Berwyn, North Riverside, Rosemont, Evergreen Park, Oak Lawn, Park Ridge, Harwood Heights, Norridge, Lincolnwood, and Wilmette.

Fare collection

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Blue Line terminal at O'Hare International Airport
View of the "L" from Adams/Wabash in the Loop
The junction at the northwest corner of the Loop

The CTA accepts payment with a Ventra Card which can be purchased with a single-ride, 24-hour unlimited ride ($5), 3 day unlimited ride ($15), 7 day unlimited ride ($20), 30 day unlimited ride ($75), a Ventra disposable ticket, contactless credit or debit card, and certain smartphones. Unlimited ride Ventra cards/tickets are only valid for one passenger. CTA buses also accept cash. Up to three children under 7 can ride free with a fare-paying rider.

The CTA has many free and discounted fare options, for elementary, middle, and high school students, college and university students, people with disabilities, senior citizens, and military service members.

Cash

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Only buses allow riders to pay directly with cash at a farebox. Exact fare is required, since no change is given. Since January 7, 2018, the bus full fare is $2.50, the senior/disabled fare is $1.25, and the student fare is $.75. No cash transfers are available. Previously, some rail station turnstiles accepted cash, but this feature has been removed in an effort to speed up boarding. Cash at rail stations is only accepted at Ventra Vending Machines to purchase Ventra cards and tickets.

Transit Cards

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The CTA no longer sells Transit Cards. All remaining Transit Cards must have been used by July 1, 2014.[9] In its place CTA has adopted the Ventra Card system. The Ventra Card can be purchased online, Ventra Vending Machines at CTA rail stations, and at authorized retailers like Walgreens, CVS Pharmacies and check cashing locations.

Ventra

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Main article: Ventra

Ventra is an electronic fare payment system for the Chicago Transit Authority and Pace that replaced the Chicago Card and the Transit Card automated fare collection system. Ventra (purportedly Latin for "windy," though the actual Latin word is ventosa)[10] launched in August 2013, with a full system transition slated for July 1, 2014.[11][12] The Ventra payment system includes several options of payment, including a contactless smart card powered by RFID, a single day or use ticket powered by RFID, any personal bank-issued credit card or debit card that has an RFID chip, and a compatible mobile phone. This includes Google Pay, Apple Pay, and Samsung Pay.[13] Ventra is operated by Cubic Transportation Systems.[14]

Riders using Ventra pay $2.25 for bus, $2.50 for rail (except Blue Line O'Hare station, $5). Disabled & seniors who are 65 or older pay $1.10 for bus, $1.25 for rail. Elementary and high school students 7–20 years old: Valid 5:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. on school days pay $.75 during school hours and pay $1.10 during weekends and holidays. The two transfers, within two hours, from the start of a trip is free. After that, it is considered a new trip and the user is charged another fare.

Contactless payments

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Ventra readers on buses and rail station turnstiles can accept contactless payments directly from mobile devices. Riders can pay a PAYG fare ($2.50) by touching mobile phones with Apple Pay, Google Pay and Samsung Pay—or any contactless bankcard with the contactless wave symbol.[15]

Equipment

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As mandated by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for all transit operators in the U.S., all CTA buses are accessible, with a ramp on every bus available for use upon request by anyone who has trouble with steps, even temporarily. The majority of train stations CTA operates have elevators or ramps to provide access for customers with disabilities. All trains are accessible, either through fully level boarding or a ramp to bridge the 3-4in height gap.

Active bus fleet

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Year Manufacturer & Model Length Photo Engine Type Numbers Assigned Garages Notes
2006–2009 New Flyer
D40LF 		40 ft (12 m) Diesel 1000–2029
(1,030 buses) 		74th, 77th, 103rd, Chicago, Forest Glen, Kedzie, North Park Older models are currently being retired.
2008–2009 New Flyer
DE60LF 		60 ft (18 m) Diesel-Electric
Hybrid 		4000–4207
(208 buses) 		103rd, Kedzie, North Park
2012–2013 New Flyer
DE60LFR 		4300–4332
(33 buses) 		103rd, North Park
New Flyer
D60LFR 		Diesel 4333–4399
(67 buses) 		North Park
2014 New Flyer
XE40 		40 ft (12 m) Electric 700–701
(2 buses) 		77th
  • 700 - 701 both been out of service since 2021
2014–2019 NovaBus
LFS 		Diesel 7900–8349
(450 buses) 		74th, 77th, 103rd, Chicago, Forest Glen, Kedzie
2019–2022 Proterra
Catalyst BE40/ZX5 		Electric 600–624
(25 buses) 		74th, Chicago
2022– NovaBus
LFS 		Diesel 8350–8949
(600 buses) 		74th, 77th, 103rd, Chicago, Forest Glen, Kedzie, North Park
  • Replaced all of the 6400s and will start the retirement of the 1000s

Notes:

Bus garages

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1000-series New Flyer D40LF bus
Interior of a 1000-series New Flyer D40LF bus
A 4300-series New Flyer DE60LFR bus being used as an "L" shuttle
A 4-car train of 3200-series cars pulls into State/Lake
A CTA Loop Link bus station at Madison and Franklin
Purple Line Central Station, Evanston
  • Forest Glen Garage, 5419 W. Armstrong Avenue, (Elston/Bryn Mawr)
  • North Park Garage, 3112 W. Foster Avenue, (Foster/Albany)
  • Chicago Garage, 642 N. Pulaski Road, (Chicago/Pulaski)
  • Kedzie Garage, 358 S. Kedzie Avenue, (Van Buren/Kedzie)
  • 74th Garage, 1815 W. 74th Street, (74th/Wood)
  • 77th Garage, 210 W. 79th Street, (79th/Wentworth)
  • 103rd Garage, 1702 E. 103rd Street, (103rd/Stony Island)

Active "L" rolling stock

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Series Year Manufacturer Assigned Lines Disabled access Quantity
2600-series 1981–1987 Budd Company
rebuilt by Alstom, 1999–2002[16][17] 		Blue, Brown, Orange Yes 489
3200-series 1992–1994 Morrison-Knudsen Blue, Brown 255
5000-series 2009–2015 Bombardier Transportation Green, Pink, Purple, Red, Yellow 712
7000-series 2019–TBD CRRC Sifang America Blue 400 (base order)
846 (all options included)

History

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L trains used to allow passengers to put arms out of window
A trolley bus serving route 85-Central in 1968

In 1953, the CTA placed an order for Flxible buses after the latter's absorption of the Fageol Twin Coach Company.

Until 1973, CTA's fleet included a large number of electric trolley buses – or "trolley coaches", as they were commonly known at the time.[18] In the 1950s, the fleet of around 700 trolley coaches was the largest such fleet in the U.S., and represented about one-quarter of CTA's total number of surface-transit vehicles (motor bus, trolley bus and, until 1958, streetcar). Possibly influenced by the 1967 Chicago blizzard, during which CTA trolley buses were unable to maneuver around abandoned automobiles without dewiring, CTA decided to discontinue trolley bus service. Trolley bus service was phased out in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and trolley buses ran for the last time on March 25, 1973.[18][19]

CTA buses were known as the "green limousine" or the "big green" — buses were one or more shades of green from the CTA's establishment until the end of the 1980s. With the delivery of the TMC RTS buses in 1991, a more patriotic color scheme was adopted, and the green scheme was fully phased out by 1996. A notable color scheme was the "Bicentennial" of about 1974 to 1976.[20]

CTA bought very few buses between the mid-1970s and the end of the 1980s. During this time, purchases were only made in 1979 (20 MAN/AM General SG 220 articulated buses), 1982-83 (200 Flyer D901 buses and 125 additional MAN articulateds), and 1985 (362 MAN Americana standard-length buses). Another aspect of this period was that with the exception of the 1979 and 1983 MAN orders, none of those buses had air-conditioning, a budget saving move by the CTA. The 1972-76 fleet of GM "New Look" buses, 1870 total, which were originally air-conditioned (although there were problems with the air-conditioning systems, eventually being disabled and sliding windows installed in the buses), composed the majority of vehicles in service into the early 1990s.

In 1995, the CTA placed an experimental order of their first 65 low floor transit buses from New Flyer Industries D40LF. In 1998, the CTA placed an order for 484 new low floor transit buses from Canadian bus-building firm Nova Bus. This executed move billed the CTA as Nova's American launch customer for the latter's signature product, the LFS series. This was also done to meet the "Buy American" requirements for buses in the United States transit bus market, since General Motors ceased bus production and Flxible went out of business. Lastly, these buses replaced buses that were built in 1983 and 1985 as these buses both lack air conditioning, aging, and not ADA compliant.

Today CTA's current fleet of buses is mostly dominated by New Flyer's D40LF, numbered 1000–2029, which replaced buses that were built in 1991 and 1995. In 2014, CTA ordered 400 new buses from Nova. The number increased to 425 after it exercised an option. The buses are numbered 7900–8324. The CTA exercised another option for an additional twenty-five buses, numbered 8325–8349, from Nova Bus. Currently, CTA is delivering additional 600 new buses (numbered 8350-8949) from Nova Bus which replaced the remainder of the older Nova buses that were delivered between 2000-2002, in addition to starting the retirement of New Flyer D40LF buses delivered between 2006-2009.

The rail orders of the CTA include the last railcar stock built by the Budd Company and rail cars built by Boeing-Vertol and Morrison-Knudsen.

The most recent order was from Bombardier who built the 5000-series from 2009 to 2015. Ten (10) prototypes of the 5000-series were received in 2009, and entered passenger testing in April 2010, with 396 more ordered once the tests were completed.[21] On July 20, 2011, CTA announced the order of 300 more railcars, bringing the total ordered to 706 at a cost of about US$1 billion.[22]

In 2014, the CTA received their first electric buses from New Flyer, making the CTA the first major U.S. transit agency to use the new wave of electric buses as part of a regular service.[23]

Security and safety

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See also: Chicago 'L' § Security and safety

After the September 11 attacks, CTA announced its "If you See Something, Say Something" campaign.[24] CTA has also installed a security camera network,[25] and a system to send real time images from cameras in buses directly to emergency responders.[26]

CTA has also been actively prosecuting vandals, announcing on several occasions that felony convictions were obtained against persons who spray painted authority vehicles.[27]

Technology

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The CTA installed GPS Bus Tracker systems on all buses starting with the 20 (Madison St) bus in 2006,[28] before expanding it to other routes in 2008.[29] The original claim justifying the addition of this technology was that it would reduce the issue of bunching buses. The system also allows riders to be able to determine the location of buses online.

A report prepared by the CTA claims that there was a decrease in bus bunching from 3.9% to 2.3% from 2007 to 2009, but the report neither demonstrated a direct connection between Bus Tracker and this reduction in bunching, nor did it show whether this was a temporary or permanent phenomenon.[30]

CTA has also made its Bus Tracker and other developer tools available,[31] and is making Bus Tracker arrival data available through text messaging.[32] One of the first applications of the Bus Tracker Developer Tools involved the installation of monitors showing the information in several businesses in Chicago's Wicker Park neighborhood.[33] Using the developer API published by CTA, some augmented CTA bus tracking applications have been developed for mobile phones,[34] and CTA has its own Transit App, CTA also has a bus tracker (Beta starting January 2011), and it can also be accessed through a computer, smart phone, text messaging, or any smart device.[35]

Public art

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The CTA is home to a collection of art – including mosaics, sculptures and paintings. More than 50 pieces of art are exhibited at over 40 CTA stations.[36]

According to the CTA's website, the original pieces of artwork contribute to each station's identity and enhance travel for customers. Art promotes a friendly, inviting atmosphere for these stations, which serve as gateways to the communities they serve.

Many of the pieces are a result of the Arts in Transit Program, which is funded by the Federal Transit Administration and coordinated locally through the City of Chicago's Office of Tourism and Culture. A number of other pieces were created through the CTA's Adopt-A-Station program and through partnerships with organizations such as the Chicago Public Art Group.[37]

Arts in Transit

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In 2004, the CTA and the City of Chicago Public Art Program installed nine permanent works of art at eight renovated rail stations on what is now known as the Pink Line. The CTA has since created an ongoing program to showcase permanent works of art in conjunction with the City of Chicago Public Art Program. The Arts in Transit Program is funded by the Federal Transit Administration, and created opportunities to develop original artwork for station reconstruction projects along the CTA Red and Brown Lines. Artists were selected for each of the stations included in the Brown Line Capacity Expansion Project and select renovated Red Line stations.

With the completion of the Brown Line Capacity Expansion Project in December 2009, original artwork was installed in each of the 18 renovated stations along the CTA's Brown Line. By combining the visibility and accessibility of the city's mass transit system with the creativity of Chicago's art resources, this program resulted in a successful public display of professional works of art designed with input from nearby communities. This program provided high-profile locations for public art and server as a gateway to communities served by the CTA stations. Media under consideration included, but were not limited to, mosaics, art glass, ornamental fencing, mixed-media artwork, and freestanding sculpture and furniture.

The CTA and the City of Chicago Public Art Program, administered by the Office of Tourism and Culture, encouraged and facilitated collaborations between artists, government agencies, the community and other partners. The City of Chicago Public Art Program accepted qualifications from local and national professional artists or artist teams capable of creating permanent public works of art for the CTA Arts in Transit Program for the renovated stations.[citation needed]

CTA promotes its Public Art with a video and online gallery.

TV show

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The Chicago Transit Authority produced a monthly television show, Connections, from May 2003 until March 2011. The show, hosted by Braydens Connections, was broadcast on City of Chicago Public-access television cable TV channels 23 & 49, as well as on Comcast's CN100 in the Chicago metropolitan area, including areas of Michigan and Indiana.

Connections featured news and information about the CTA and services it provides. Individual segments from Connections are available on CTA's YouTube channel.[38]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Transit Ridership Report Second Quarter 2024" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. September 3, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
  2. ^ "Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2023" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. March 4, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
  3. ^ "News/Press Releases". Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  4. ^ "CTA Facts at a Glance". Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
  5. ^ CTA - Ridership - Annual Boarding Totals (Report). Chicago: Chicago Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  6. ^ CTA - Ridership - Annual Boarding Totals (Report). Chicago: Chicago Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
  7. ^ Hilkevitch, Jon. "CTA ridership jumps to highest level in 20 years". Chicago Tribune. Chicago: Tribune Publishing. Retrieved July 10, 2012.
  8. ^ Most recent ridership information is provided in the President's, Budget, and Financial Reports on the Board Presentations page of CTA's website Archived April 1, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ^ "Transitioning to Ventra" (Press release). Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority. Archived from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  10. ^ Mancini Nichols, Chrissy. "Talking Transit: Chicago transit gets open payment system" (Press release). Chicago: Metropolitan Planning Council. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  11. ^ "Ventra FAQ". Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  12. ^ Thomas, Monifa (March 14, 2014). "Ventra cards become only way to pay starting July 1". Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago: Chicago Public Media. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
  13. ^ "Ventra". Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  14. ^ Hilkevitch, Jon (March 20, 2013). "CTA's Ventra debit option rife with fees". Red Eye Chicago. Chicago: Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  15. ^ "How-To: Paying with Apple Pay, Android Pay or Samsung Pay". Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  16. ^ Chicago Transit Authority Train Collides with Bumping Post and Escalator at O'Hare Station (PDF) (Report). Washington: National Transportation Safety Board. March 14, 2014. NTSB/RAR-15-01.
  17. ^ "Blue Line O'Hare Branch challenges—and what we're doing - Improvement projects". Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority.
  18. ^ a b Sebree, Mac; and Ward, Paul (1974). The Trolley Coach in North America, pp. 49–60. Los Angeles: Interurbans. LCCN 74-20367.
  19. ^ Murray, Alan (2000). World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia, p. 79. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. ISBN 0-904235-18-1.
  20. ^ "Harry Gershen photograph at busdrawings.com".
  21. ^ "CTA to Begin In-Service Testing of New Rail Cars" (Press release). CTA. April 15, 2010. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
  22. ^ "Chicago orders 300 more 5000-series metro cars". Railway Gazette International. July 20, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
  23. ^ Hilkevitch, Jon (October 29, 2014). "CTA testing 2 all-electric buses". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
  24. ^ "CTA Security & Safety". CTA.
  25. ^ "Mayor Daley, CTA and CPD Officials Test Mobile Security Network" (Press release). CTA. December 2, 2006.
  26. ^ "CTA to Test Mobile Security Network to Enhance Safety on System" (Press release). CTA. March 16, 2006.
  27. ^ "Vandal Sentenced to Prison for Defacing CTA Property" (Press release). CTA. March 21, 2008.[permanent dead link]
    "CTA Vandal Receives Felony Conviction for Criminal Defacement and Trespass" (Press release). CTA. December 19, 2007.[permanent dead link]
  28. ^ "Mayor Daley, CTA Launch Bus Tracking Pilot". CTA. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  29. ^ "CTA Expands Bus Tracker Program". CTA. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  30. ^ Ben Meyerson (December 16, 2009). "Bus bunching down 40% since 2007, CTA report says". Chicago Current. Archived from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
  31. ^ "Developer Center". CTA.
  32. ^ "CTA Bus Tracker Information Now Available On-Demand via New Text Messaging Feature" (Press release). CTA. December 22, 2009.
  33. ^ Steve Bryant (December 14, 2009). "Bus Trackers Installed at Wicker Park Shops". NBC Chicago. Retrieved December 22, 2009.
  34. ^ "Search Results for 'cta'". Apple.com. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
  35. ^ "Transit App Center". CTA. Archived from the original on May 16, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  36. ^ "Online Gallery - Public Art on CTA". CTA.
  37. ^ "Public Art on CTA - video". CTA.
  38. ^ "CTA Connections - YouTube". YouTube.
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