Foreign relations of Madagascar
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Madagascar has diplomatic relations with many countries, both individual bilateral relations and by virtue of its membership of African and other regional blocs. International aid has been received from the IMF and the World Bank, and a national environmental plan supported by the World Bank and USAID began in 1990.
Regional relations
[edit]Madagascar historically has remained outside the mainstream of African affairs, although it is a member of the Indian Ocean Commission, the Organization of African Unity (now renamed the AU), the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA), and the Non-Aligned Movement. Madagascar was admitted to the Southern African Development Community in 2004.
Diplomatic relations
[edit]List of Countries which Madagascar maintains diplomatic relations with:
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# | Country | Date |
1 | ![]() |
25 June 1960[1] |
2 | ![]() |
25 June 1960[2] |
3 | ![]() |
25 June 1960[3] |
4 | ![]() |
26 June 1960[4] |
5 | ![]() |
27 June 1960[5] |
6 | ![]() |
1 July 1960[6] |
7 | ![]() |
5 July 1960[7] |
8 | ![]() |
20 September 1960[8] |
9 | ![]() |
September 1960[9] |
10 | ![]() |
27 October 1960[10] |
11 | ![]() |
16 March 1961[11] |
12 | ![]() |
13 June 1961[12] |
13 | ![]() |
1961[13] |
14 | ![]() |
25 June 1962[14] |
15 | ![]() |
16 August 1962[15] |
16 | ![]() |
1962[16] |
17 | ![]() |
30 January 1963[17] |
18 | ![]() |
15 June 1964[18] |
19 | ![]() |
15 July 1964[19] |
20 | ![]() |
1964[20] |
21 | ![]() |
7 January 1965[21] |
22 | ![]() |
25 March 1966[22] |
23 | ![]() |
5 November 1966[23] |
— | ![]() |
24 December 1966[24] |
24 | ![]() |
13 January 1967[25] |
25 | ![]() |
1967[26] |
26 | ![]() |
1967[27] |
27 | ![]() |
27 August 1968[28] |
28 | ![]() |
10 September 1968[29] |
29 | ![]() |
12 March 1969[30] |
30 | ![]() |
23 February 1970[31] |
31 | ![]() |
4 June 1971[32] |
32 | ![]() |
24 June 1971[33] |
33 | ![]() |
7 December 1971[34] |
34 | ![]() |
23 December 1971[35] |
35 | ![]() |
29 September 1972[36] |
36 | ![]() |
6 November 1972[37] |
37 | ![]() |
16 November 1972[38] |
38 | ![]() |
19 December 1972[39] |
39 | ![]() |
26 December 1972[40] |
40 | ![]() |
28 June 1973[41] |
41 | ![]() |
13 September 1973[42] |
42 | ![]() |
28 November 1973[43] |
43 | ![]() |
6 December 1973[44] |
44 | ![]() |
9 February 1974[45] |
45 | ![]() |
11 April 1974[46] |
46 | ![]() |
26 July 1974[47] |
47 | ![]() |
22 August 1974[48] |
48 | ![]() |
13 December 1974[49] |
49 | ![]() |
9 August 1975[50] |
50 | ![]() |
1 December 1975[51] |
51 | ![]() |
26 December 1975[52] |
52 | ![]() |
March 1976[53] |
53 | ![]() |
28 April 1976[54] |
54 | ![]() |
5 May 1976[55] |
55 | ![]() |
15 June 1976[56] |
56 | ![]() |
12 November 1976[57] |
57 | ![]() |
1 June 1977[58] |
58 | ![]() |
31 December 1977[58] |
— | ![]() |
29 January 1978[59] |
59 | ![]() |
11 May 1979[58] |
60 | ![]() |
27 February 1980[58] |
61 | ![]() |
19 October 1981[60] |
62 | ![]() |
13 July 1983[61] |
63 | ![]() |
26 October 1984[58] |
64 | ![]() |
12 April 1989[62] |
65 | ![]() |
31 January 1990[63] |
66 | ![]() |
30 November 1990[58] |
— | ![]() |
1990[64] |
67 | ![]() |
26 March 1992[65] |
68 | ![]() |
10 April 1992[66] |
69 | ![]() |
13 April 1992[67] |
70 | ![]() |
20 October 1992[58] |
71 | ![]() |
26 May 1993[68] |
72 | ![]() |
28 May 1993[69] |
73 | ![]() |
28 May 1993[70] |
74 | ![]() |
10 June 1993[71] |
75 | ![]() |
12 June 1993[72] |
76 | ![]() |
25 June 1993[73] |
77 | ![]() |
27 January 1994[74] |
78 | ![]() |
15 April 1994[75] |
79 | ![]() |
6 April 1995[58] |
80 | ![]() |
15 June 1995[58] |
81 | ![]() |
1 December 1995[76] |
82 | ![]() |
16 February 1996[77] |
83 | ![]() |
7 October 1996[58] |
84 | ![]() |
25 March 1997[58] |
85 | ![]() |
13 August 1999[78] |
86 | ![]() |
20 July 2001[58] |
87 | ![]() |
27 July 2001[79] |
88 | ![]() |
12 August 2002[80][81] |
89 | ![]() |
18 October 2002[58] |
90 | ![]() |
14 October 2002[81] |
91 | ![]() |
1 August 2003[81] |
92 | ![]() |
9 October 2003[81] |
93 | ![]() |
20 July 2004[82][81] |
94 | ![]() |
13 July 2005[83] |
95 | ![]() |
August 2005[84] |
96 | ![]() |
22 September 2006[58] |
97 | ![]() |
27 September 2006[85] |
98 | ![]() |
5 October 2006[58] |
99 | ![]() |
24 May 2007[58] |
100 | ![]() |
22 October 2008[86] |
101 | ![]() |
17 November 2008[58] |
102 | ![]() |
17 September 2014[87] |
103 | ![]() |
25 March 2015[88] |
104 | ![]() |
15 April 2015[89] |
105 | ![]() |
21 October 2015[90][91] |
106 | ![]() |
11 November 2015[92] |
107 | ![]() |
13 January 2016[93] |
108 | ![]() |
29 June 2016[58] |
109 | ![]() |
22 September 2016[58] |
110 | ![]() |
5 May 2017[94] |
111 | ![]() |
12 April 2017[95] |
112 | ![]() |
19 September 2017[96] |
113 | ![]() |
17 January 2018[97] |
114 | ![]() |
25 September 2018[58] |
115 | ![]() |
26 September 2018[58] |
116 | ![]() |
26 September 2018[58] |
117 | ![]() |
4 March 2020[98] |
118 | ![]() |
11 December 2020[99] |
119 | ![]() |
22 September 2021[58] |
120 | ![]() |
24 September 2021[58] |
121 | ![]() |
23 September 2022[58] |
122 | ![]() |
23 September 2022[58] |
123 | ![]() |
1 February 2023[58] |
124 | ![]() |
8 July 2024[100] |
125 | ![]() |
Unknown |
126 | ![]() |
Unknown |
127 | ![]() |
Unknown |
128 | ![]() |
Unknown |
129 | ![]() |
Unknown |
130 | ![]() |
Unknown |
131 | ![]() |
Unknown |
132 | ![]() |
Unknown |
133 | ![]() |
Unknown |
134 | ![]() |
Unknown |
135 | ![]() |
Unknown |
136 | ![]() |
Unknown |
137 | ![]() |
Unknown |
138 | ![]() |
Unknown |
139 | ![]() |
Unknown |
140 | ![]() |
Unknown[101] |
141 | ![]() |
Unknown |
Bilateral relations
[edit]Active diplomatic relationships are maintained with Europe, especially the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, as well as with Russia, Japan, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Egypt and China. Madagascar also maintains good relations with the United States.
International agencies being present in the country allows to react quickly to emergencies such as a food crisis.[102]
Africa
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
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13 September 1973 |
|
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27 August 1968 | See Madagascar–Mauritius relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1968[103]
|
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15 April 1994 | See Madagascar–Morocco relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1994[104]
|
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9 August 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1975[105]
|
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13 July 2005 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 July 2005 when has been accredited ambassador of Madagascar to Namibia with residence in Pretoria Mr. Yvan Randriasandratriniony.[106]
|
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24 June 1971 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971[107]
|
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12 August 2002 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 2002[108]
|
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27 January 1994 | See Madagascar–South Africa relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1994.[109] South Africa and Madagascar share maritime borders with each other. |
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28 June 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1973[112]
|
Americas
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
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20 July 2001 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 2001[113]
|
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7 October 1996 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1996[114]
|
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7 January 1965 | See Canada–Madagascar relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965[115] |
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15 June 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1995[118]
|
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11 April 1974 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 1974[120] |
![]() |
26 December 1975[121] |
|
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26 June 1960[124] | See Madagascar–United States relations
Relations between the United States and Madagascar date to the middle 19th century. The two countries concluded a commercial convention in 1867 and a treaty of peace, friendship, and commerce in 1881. Traditionally warm relations suffered considerably during the 1970s, when Madagascar expelled the U.S. ambassador, the USA closed a NASA tracking station, allied with the USSR, and nationalized two U.S. oil companies. In 1980, relations at the ambassadorial level were restored. Throughout the troubled period, commercial and cultural relations remained active. In 1990, Madagascar was designated as a priority aid recipient, and assistance increased from $15 million in 1989 to $40 million in 1993. Recent U.S. assistance has contributed to a population census and family planning programs; conservation of Madagascar's remarkable biodiversity, private sector development, agriculture, democracy and governance initiatives; and media training. Madagascar became the first country with a Millennium Challenge Account compact when it signed an agreement worth $110 million in April 2006. The Ravalomanana government is especially positive about ties with the United States.
|
Asia
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
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6 November 1972 | See China-Madagascar relations
China and Madagascar established diplomatic relations on November 6, 1972.[129] |
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27 June 1960 | See India–Madagascar relations
India has had maritime links with Madagascar for several centuries.[132] India opened a consulate general in Antananarivo in 1954. Upon Madagascar gaining independence in 1960, it was upgraded to an embassy.[132] There are about 20,000 persons of Indian origin in Madagascar, including approximately 2,500 Indian passport holders.[133] |
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13 December 1974[136] | See Indonesia–Madagascar relations
|
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The two countries have a number of bilateral agreements in force.[137]
| |
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March 1962 |
The two countries established diplomatic relations on July 5, 1960.[138]
|
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22 October 2008 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 2008[139]
|
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25 June 1962,[140] broke off diplomatic relations on July 1972, Restored 19 May 1993 |
|
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30 January 1963 | See Madagascar–Turkey relations |
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19 December 1972 |
The two countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1972.[142]
|
Europe
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
27 September 2006 |
The two countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2006.[143]
|
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| |
![]() |
1964[20] |
|
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25 June 1960 | See France–Madagascar relations
both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1960.
|
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26 June 1960 | See Germany–Madagascar relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1960[149]
|
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1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962[150] |
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24 December 1966[152] |
|
![]() |
22 September 2006 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2006[153]
|
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27 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1960[154]
|
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28 November 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1973[155]
|
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10 September 1968 |
The two countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1968.[156]
|
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29 September 1972 | See Madagascar–Russia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1972.[157] During the 2009 Malagasy political crisis, Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that Russia is "concerned by the increased frequency of attempts on the African continent to resort to non-constitutional methods of solving internal political problems." He went on to say that, in addition to increasing economic and social problems, the use of force is of concern and runs counter to democratic principles, whilst affirming Russia's support of the African Union's position.[158] |
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9 December 1969 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1969.[161]
|
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25 March 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1966[163]
|
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13 June 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1961[164]
|
See also
[edit]- List of diplomatic missions in Madagascar
- List of diplomatic missions of Madagascar
- Visa policy of Madagascar
References
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Le gouvernement grec a donné son agrément à la nomination de M. Pierre Razafy Andriamihaingo en qualité d'ambassadeur de la République Malgache à Athènes. M. Razafy Andriamihaingo est déjà ambassadeur à Londres . Une ambassade de Grèce existe à Tananarive et son titulaire est également ambassadeur à Pretoria.
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External links
[edit]- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Madagascar Archived 2019-12-21 at the Wayback Machine (French)