Lionel Tate
Lionel Tate | |
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Born | Broward County, Florida, United States | January 30, 1987
Criminal status | Incarcerated at Charlotte Correctional Institution |
Conviction(s) | Second-degree murder, probation violation and armed robbery |
Criminal penalty | Life without parole for first degree murder (2001); overturned and released under house arrest (2004); concurrent 10- and 30-year sentences for armed robbery and probation violation (2005) |
Lionel Alexander Tate (born January 30, 1987)[1] is the youngest American citizen ever sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, though this sentence was eventually overturned.[2] In January 2001, when Tate was 13, he was convicted of first-degree murder for the 1999 battering death of six-year-old Tiffany Eunick in Broward County, Florida imitating professional wrestling moves.[3]
Murder
[edit]On July 28, 1999, Tate was left alone with Eunick, his cousin, who was being babysat by Tate's mother, Kathleen Grossett-Tate. While the children were downstairs playing while watching a professional wrestling program WWF SmackDown!, Tate's mother called to them to be quiet. Roughly 45 minutes later, Tate came upstairs to tell his mother that Tiffany was not breathing. Her legs, feet, and neck all had serious bruises; an example of the amount of force used on her was similar to bruises from that of a speeding car.[4] Her other injuries included a fractured skull, lacerated liver, fractured rib, and swollen brain. These injuries were characterized by the prosecution as "similar to those she would have sustained by falling from a three-story building."[5] In sentencing Tate to life imprisonment, Judge Joel T. Lazarus of Broward County Circuit Court said that "The acts of Lionel Tate were not the playful acts of a child [...] The acts of Lionel Tate were cold, callous and indescribably cruel."[6] Dwayne Johnson, who performed as The Rock, was subpoenaed on March 3, 2000.[7][8]
Felony murder rule
[edit]Florida statutes required the jury to convict Tate of first-degree murder even if the jury did not believe that he intended to kill or injure anyone—all that was required was that Tate knowingly abused another child who died as a result, as any intentional act that could reasonably be expected to result in physical injury to a child is child abuse per Florida statutes.[9][10][11] The rule for such convictions is known as the felony murder rule. The sufficient conditions of the felony murder rule were listed by the judge Joel T. Lazarus during sentencing.[12] Therefore, Tate was sentenced to life in prison without the prosecution having to prove that he intended to kill or injure, or realized that his acts are likely to kill or injure, or even that a typical child of his age would or should realize this.
Critics, such as the various groups listed in the amicus brief attached to Tate's appeal, assert that convicting preteen children of first-degree murder without having to prove these children intended any harm, not to mention serious injury or death, is unacceptable.[13][14]
Sentence
[edit]The sentence was controversial because Tate was 12 years old at the time of the murder, and his victim was 6. He was the youngest person in modern US history to be sentenced to life imprisonment,[2] bringing broad criticism on the treatment of juvenile offenders in the justice system of the state of Florida.
Original sentence overturned
[edit]After the conviction, the prosecution openly joined Tate's plea for leniency in sentencing and even offered to help in his appeal. The trial judge criticized the prosecution for compromising the integrity of the adversarial system, and said that if the prosecution felt that life imprisonment was not warranted, they should not have charged him with murder in the first place.
In January 2004, a state appeals court overturned his conviction on the basis that his mental competency had not been evaluated before trial. This opened the way for Tate to accept the same plea deal he originally turned down, and he was released on one year's house arrest and 10 years' probation.[15]
Reactions by the WWF
[edit]Eunick's death had sparked fury and controversy. The lawyer for Lionel Tate, James Lewis was sued by the World Wrestling Federation Entertainment, Inc. alleging that the attorney and others have conspired to damage the WWF's image. The WWF then filed the 10-count libel suit on November 9, 2000 against Lewis and the Parents Television Council in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, claiming that the PTC's statements were false and constituted defamation.[16][17] The WWF also filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against the PTC for using clips from WWF programs in their promotional videos.[18] The PTC filed for dismissal of the suit, but on May 24, 2001, U.S. district court Judge Denny Chin denied the PTC's motion on the basis that the WWF's lawsuit had merit.[18] The PTC and the WWF settled out of court and, as part of the settlement agreement, the PTC paid the WWF $3.5 million USD and L. Brent Bozell III issued a public apology,[19] stating that it was wrong to blame the World Wrestling Federation or any of its programs for the deaths of children and that the original statements had been based on what was later found to be false information designed by people close to the Tate blaming his sister's death on the WWF.[20][21][22]
Armed robbery arrest and subsequent plea bargain
[edit]On May 23, 2005, Tate was charged with armed burglary with battery, armed robbery, and violation of probation, the Broward County Sheriff's Office said.[23]
Tate threatened Domino's Pizza deliveryman Walter Ernest Gallardo with a handgun outside a friend's apartment after phoning in an order. Gallardo dropped the four pizzas and fled the scene. Tate then re-entered the apartment, assaulting the occupant who did not want Tate inside.[24]
Gallardo called 911 upon reaching the Domino's store and returned to identify Tate, the sheriff's office said in a statement, but no gun was recovered.[24]
On March 1, 2006, Tate accepted a plea bargain and was to be sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment in a sentencing hearing in April 2006. Tate admitted that he had violated probation by possessing a gun during the May 23 violent robbery, but he has refused to answer questions about where he got and later disposed of the gun. He was allowed to withdraw his guilty plea for robbery but was finally sentenced to 30 years in prison on May 18, 2006, for violating probation. On October 24, 2007, Florida's 4th District Court of Appeal upheld that sentence.[25]
On February 19, 2008, Tate pled no contest to the robbery and was sentenced to 10 years in state prison. The sentence will run concurrently with his 30-year sentence for violating his probation.[26] Tate is currently imprisoned in the Charlotte Correctional Institution.[27]
References
[edit]- ^ "Inmate Population Information Detail".
- ^ a b "Lionel Tate Gets 30 Years In Jail". www.cbsnews.com. 18 May 2006.
- ^ Canedy, Dana (March 10, 2001). "Sentence of Life Without Parole For Boy, 14, in Murder of Girl, 6". The New York Times.
- ^ Abby Goodnough, "Youngster Given Life Term For Killing Gets New Trial," The New York Times, December 11, 2003
- ^ Dana Canedy, "Boy Convicted of Murder in Wrestling Death," The New York Times, January 5, 2001
- ^ Dana Canedy, " Sentence of Life Without Parole For Boy, 13, in Murder of Girl, 6 ," The New York Times, March 10, 2001
- ^ https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2000/03/04/star-wrestler-subpoenaed-by-attorney-for-boy-charged-in-playmates-death/26532000007/
- ^ https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/nation-world/2000/04/16/is-pro-wrestling-to-blame/50482321007/
- ^ "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes : Online Sunshine". www.leg.state.fl.us.
- ^ "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes : Online Sunshine". www.leg.state.fl.us.
- ^ "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes : Online Sunshine". www.leg.state.fl.us.
- ^ "CNN Transcript - Special Event: Wrestling Death: Judge Sentences Lionel Tate, 14, to Life in Prison - March 9, 2001". transcripts.cnn.com.
- ^ "STATE OF FLORIDA IN THE FOURTH DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL Case No. 4D01-1306" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 2, 2010.
- ^ Drizin, Steven A. (14 May 2001). "RULE SHOULD NOT APPLY TO CHILDREN". Sun-Sentinel.com.
- ^ Dale, Michael J. (2004). "Making Sense of the Lionel Tate Case" (PDF). Nova Law Review. 28.
- ^ "Suit Filed Against L. Brent Bozell III, Media Research Center" (Press release). World Wrestling Entertainment. November 9, 2000. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved August 8, 2007.
- ^ "WWF Sues Media Watchdog Group". Los Angeles Times. November 10, 2000. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
judgereject
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "World Wrestling Entertainment Settles Lawsuit With Parents Television Council; Founder Brent Bozell Issues Apology" (Press release). World Wrestling Entertainment. July 8, 2002. Archived from the original on June 9, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ^ "World Wrestling Entertainment Settles Lawsuit With Parents Television Council; PTC Founder Brent Bozell Issues Apology" (Press release). Parents Television Council. July 8, 2002. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ^ https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2000/11/16/wwf-goes-to-the-mat-to-defend-its-image/
- ^ https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/wbna4064807
- ^ "CNN.com - Young killer faces armed robbery charge - May 24, 2005". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
- ^ a b "Lionel Tate Pleads Guilty In Robbery". www.cbsnews.com. 19 December 2005. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
- ^ "Court upholds sentence for Tate". Archived from the original on April 18, 2009.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Inmate Population Information Detail". www.dc.state.fl.us.
- 1987 births
- 20th-century African-American people
- 21st-century African-American people
- American murderers of children
- American people convicted of murder
- American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
- Male murderers
- American male criminals
- American robbers
- Living people
- Minors convicted of murder
- People convicted of murder by Florida
- People from Broward County, Florida
- Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Florida
- Criminals from Florida