Draft:Participants of World War I
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/World_War_I_on_1_August_1914.png/650px-World_War_I_on_1_August_1914.png)
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Humoristische_Karte_von_Europa_im_Jahre_1914.jpg/220px-Humoristische_Karte_von_Europa_im_Jahre_1914.jpg)
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The two main groups of the participants of World War I were the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. This article contains lists of participants of World War I (in alphabetical order) until the signing of the Treaty of Sèvres (1920).
Allies and Associated Powers/The Entente
[edit]The Allies were a group of countries that fought the Central Powers. They were (in order of joining): Serbia, the Russian Empire (later the Russian Republic), France, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Portugal, Romania, the United States, Greece, and many others.
List
[edit]- Colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
Party | Active in | Strength | Deaths | Explanation | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
|||||
![]() |
since 4 August 1914 | 620,000 | 67,000 killed 173,000 wounded |
[1][2] | |
since 18 July 1918 | 4,792 | Unknown | [3] |
Centro-Caspian Dictatorship
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly
Commonwealth of Australia
Czechoslovak Republic
Dominion of New Zealand
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Idrisid Emirate of Asir
Empire of Japan (since 23 August 1914)[4]
Interim Southern Islands
Japanese concession in Chongqing
Japanese concession in Hangzhou
Japanese concession in Hankou
Japanese concession in Shashi
Japanese concession in Suzhou
Japanese concession in Tianjin
Japanese Korea
Japanese occupied Chinese Eastern Railway
Japanese occupied Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- Japanese occupied Republic of China
- Japanese occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
Japanese Taiwan
Kwantung Leased Territory
South Manchuria Railway Zone
French Republic
Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë
- British and French occupied Togoland Protectorate (since 26 August 1914)[5]
Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
Colony of New Caledonia
Crozet Islands
French Algeria
Equatorial Africa
French concession in Hankou
French concession in Shamian
French concession in Tianjin
French Guiana
French establishments in India
- French occupied Republic of Alsace-Lorraine
- French occupied German Cameroon
- French occupied German Realm
- French occupied Kingdom of Bulgaria
- French occupied Principality of Albania
- French occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
French protectorate in Morocco
Tunisian Realm
French Somaliland
French West Africa
Guadeloupe
Île Amsterdam
Île Saint-Paul
Îles des Saintes
Indochinese Union
Kerguelen Islands
Kunming–Hekou railway
La Désirade
Marie-Galante
Martinique
Mayotte
New Hebrides Condominium
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
Réunion
Saint Barthélemy
Saint Martin
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Settlements in Oceania
Shanghai French Concession
General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia
Khedivate of Egypt
Kingdom of Belgium (since 4 August 1914)[6]
Belgian concession in Tianjin
Belgian Congo (since 15 August 1914)[7]
Belgian occupied East African Territories (since 6 May 1916)[8]
Neutral Moresnet (since 4 August 1914)[9][a]
Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Italy
- Albanian Republic
Italian concession of Tientsin
Italian Eritrea
Italian North Africa
Italian occupied Islands of the Aegean
- Italian occupied Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
- Italian occupied Principality of Albania
- Italian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Italian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council
- Italian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
Italian Somaliland
Majeerteen Sultanate
Sultanate of Hobyo
Kingdom of Montenegro
Kingdom of Nepal
Kingdom of Romania
Kingdom of Serbia
- National Committee for Silesia
- National Council of the Duchy of Cieszyn
Newfoundland
- Polish Liquidation Committee
Portuguese Republic (since 9 March 1916)[12]
Principality of Albania
Principality of Andorra
Provisional All-Russian Government
Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia
- Provisional Government of National Defence
- Provisional Government of Siberia
- Provisional Government of Vladivostok
- Provisional Government of the Amur Region
Provisional Government of the Northern Region
Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan
Provisional Siberian Government
Provisional Siberian Government
Republic of Armenia
Republic of China
Republic of China
Republic of Costa Rica
Republic of Cuba
Republic of Guatemala
Republic of Haiti
Republic of Honduras
Republic of Liberia
Republic of Nicaragua
Republic of Panama
Republic of Zakopane
- Provisional Government of the Transbaikal Region
Republic of the United States of Brazil
Rattanakosin Kingdom
Russian Empire
Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
Chinese Eastern Railway
- General Government of Galicia and Bukovina
Grand Principality of Finland
Russian concession in Hankou
Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian occupied German Realm
- Russian occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- Russian occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Russian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
Special Transcaucasian Committee
Russian Republic
Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
Chinese Eastern Railway
Grand Principality of Finland
Russian concession in Hankou
Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- Russian occupied Sublime State of Persia
Special Transcaucasian Committee
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
- Supreme Administration of the Northern Region
The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz
- Trans Caspian Provisional Government
Union of South Africa
Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Transcaucasian occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian occupied Sublime State of Persia
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Transcaucasian occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Ufa Directory
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Aden Protectorate
- Alawi Sheikhdom
- Aqrabi Sheikhdom
- Bu`si Sheikhdom
Emirate of Beihan
Emirate of Dhala
- Dathina Sheikhdom
- Dhubi Sheikhdom
Fadhli Sultanate
- Hadrami Sheikhdom
- Hawshabi Sultanate of Musaymir
Kathiri State of Seiyun in Hadhramaut
- Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotrat
- Mawsata State
- Muflahi Sheikhdom
Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut
- Sheikhdom of Shaib
State of Upper Yafa
- Subeihi Sultanate
Sultanate of Lahej
Sultanate of Lower Yafa
- Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
- Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
- Wahidi Sultanate of Bir Ali
Wahidi Sultanate of Habban
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Ascension Island
Bailiwick of Guernsey
Bailiwick of Jersey
Baker Island
Basutoland
Bechuanaland Protectorate
Bermuda
- British and French occupied Togoland Protectorate
- British concession in Amoy
- British concession in Hankou
- British concession in Jiujiang
- British concession in Shamian
- British concession in Tianjin
- British concession in Zhenjiang
British Cyprus
British Guiana
British Honduras
British Mauritius
- British occupied German Cameroon
British occupied German East Africa
- British occupied German New Guinea
British occupied Khedivate of Egypt
- British occupied Kingdom of Bulgaria
- British occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- British occupied Russian Soviet Republic
- British occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- British occupied Sublime State of Persia
British Protectorate of Uganda
British Togoland
British Trinidad and Tobago
British Somaliland Protectorate
British Western Pacific Territories
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Indian Empire
Aden Protectorate
- Alawi Sheikhdom
- Aqrabi Sheikhdom
- Bu`si Sheikhdom
Emirate of Beihan
Emirate of Dhala
- Dathina Sheikhdom
- Dhubi Sheikhdom
Fadhli Sultanate
- Hadrami Sheikhdom
- Hawshabi Sultanate of Musaymir
Kathiri State of Seiyun in Hadhramaut
- Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotrat
- Mawsata State
- Muflahi Sheikhdom
Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut
- Sheikhdom of Shaib
State of Upper Yafa
- Subeihi Sultanate
Sultanate of Lahej
Sultanate of Lower Yafa
- Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
- Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
- Wahidi Sultanate of Bir Ali
Wahidi Sultanate of Habban
State of Bahrain
Sheikhdom of Kuwait
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
The Trucial States of the Coast of Oman
State of Qatar
Kingdom of Tonga
New Hebrides Condominium
Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands
- Union Islands
State of Brunei
Ceylon
Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone
- Colony of Barbados
Colony of Jamaica
Colony of the Bahamas
Colony of the Gold Coast
Company rule in Rhodesia
Crown Colony of the Island of Malta and its Dependencies
East Africa Protectorate
Falkland Islands
Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands
Federal Colony of the Windward Islands
Federated Malay States
Gambia Colony and Protectorate
Gibraltar
Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Hong Kong
Isle of Man
Jarvis Island
Kingdom of Sarawak
Nyasaland Protectorate
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
Phoenix Islands
Saint Helena
Seychelles
Sheikhdom of Kuwait
State of North Borneo
Straits Settlements
Sultanate of Egypt
Sultanate of the Maldive Islands
Sultanate of Zanzibar
Swaziland Protectorate
- Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Tristan da Cunha
- Unfederated Malay States
Victoria Land
Weihaiwei
United States of America
- American occupied Republic of Cuba
- American occupied Republic of Haiti
- American occupied Republic of Nicaragua
- American occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
Bajo Nuevo Bank
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
Howland Island
Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
Johnston Atoll
Kingman Reef
Middlebrook Island
Midway Atoll
Navassa Island
Panama Canal Zone
Puerto Rico
Quita Sueño Bank
Roncador Bank
Serrana Bank
Serranilla Bank
Swan Islands
Territory of Alaska
Territory of American Samoa
Territory of Guam
Territory of Hawaii
United States Virgin Islands
Wake Island
- Ural Provisional Provincial Government
West Ukrainian People's Republic
- Non-state actors
- Anhui clique
Assyrians
- Cornelius Wyk's forces
- Czechoslovak Legions
- Fengtian clique
Karelian Regiment
- Polish Legions
- Pontic Greeks
- Ruwallah
White movement
- Baikal Cossacks
Chinese Eastern Railway
- Kamchatka
- Sakhalin
- Tuva
- Volunteer Army
- Yunnan clique
- Zhili clique
State actors
[edit]Alash Autonomy
Beda Sultanate
Czechoslovak Republic
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Empire of Japan[14][13]
- Japanese concession in Tianjin
- Japanese Korea
- Japanese Military
- Japanese-occupied Republic of China
- Japanese occupied German New Guinea
- Japanese-occupied Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- Japanese occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Transbaikal (protectorate)
Vladivostok Protectorate (protectorate)
- Japanese Taiwan
- Kwantung Leased Territory
South Manchuria Railway Company
First Costa Rican Republic[14][13]
French Third Republic[14][13]
- French Colonial Empire
- Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
- Colony of New Caledonia
- French Algeria
- French concession of Hankou
- French Concession of Shamian Island, Guangzhou
- French Concession of Shanghai
- Kunming–Hai Phong French Railway
- Equatorial Africa
- French concession in Tianjin
- French Guiana
- French India
French protectorate in Morocco (protectorate)
- French-occupied German Cameroon
French protectorate of Tunisia (protectorate)
- French Somaliland
- French West Africa
- Guadeloupe
Indochinese Union
French Protectorate of Cambodia (protectorate)
French Protectorate of Laos (protectorate)
- Guangzhouwan
- Nguyễn dynasty (protectorate)
Kingdom of Sanwi (protectorate)
- Martinique
New Hebrides
- Occupation of Constantinople
- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
- Réunion
- Saint Martin
- Wallis and Futuna
- French Military
- French-occupied Alsace-Lorraine
- French-occupied German Empire
- French-occupied Principality of Albania
- French-occupied RSFSR
- French-occupied Sublime Ottoman State
Memel Territory
- French Colonial Empire
Idrisid Emirate of Asir
Kingdom of Belgium[14][13]
Kingdom of the Hellenes[14][13]
Kingdom of Italy[14][13]
- Italian Military
- Italian Colonial Empire
- Albanian Republic
- Hobyo Sultanate (protectorate)
- Italian concession of Tientsin (Italian concession in Tianjin)
- Italian Cyrenaica
- Italian Eritrea
- Italian Islands of the Aegean
- Italian Somaliland
- Italian Tripolitania
Majeerteen Sultanate (protectorate)
- Italian-occupied Austro-Hungarian Empire
- Occupation of Constantinople
Kingdom of Montenegro[14][13]
Kingdom of Romania[14][13]
Kingdom of Serbia[14][13]
Oriental Republic of Uruguay[13]
Portugese Republic[14][13]
Principality of Albania[13]
Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)[14][13]
Republic of China (First)[14][13]
Republic of Guatemala[14]
Republic of Honduras[14]
Republic of Liberia
Republic of Peru[15]
Republic of San Marino[13]
Republic of the United States of Brazil[14][13]
Russian Empire[14][13]
- Baltic Governorates
- Caucasus Viceroyalty
Chinese Eastern Railway
Congress Poland
Emirate of Bukhara (protectorate)
- General Government of Galicia and Bukovina
Grand Duchy of Finland
Khanate of Khiva (protectorate)
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- Russian-occupied Eastern Galicia
- Russian-occupied German Empire
- Russian-occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- Russian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Russian Turkestan
Uryankhay Krai (protectorate)
- Vistula Land
- Western Krai
Russian Provisional Government[14]
Russian Republic[14]
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Transcaucasian-occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
Russian Soviet Republic (Russian Socialist Soviet Republic) (Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic) (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) (RSFSR)[b]
Amur Socialist Soviet Republic
Armed Forces of the Russian Soviet Republic
Baku Soviet Commune
Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic
Black Sea Soviet Republic
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Commune of the Working People of Estonia
Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
Don Soviet Republic
Far Eastern Republic
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland)
First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka
Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
Jangal Movement
Karelian Workers' Commune
Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic
Kuban Soviet Republic
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
Litbel
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Mughan Soviet Republic
North Caucasian Soviet Republic
Odessa Soviet Republic
Petrograd Soviet
Red Guards
Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
Terek Soviet Republic
Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Federative Republic
Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
Ukrainian Soviet Republic
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Second Polish Republic
Soviet Republic of Naissaar (Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar) (Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders)[c]
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
State of Thessaloniki
- Allied-occupied Kingdom of Greece
Turkestan Autonomy
Ukrainian People's Republic[d]
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland[14][13]
- British Empire[14][13]
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Basutoland
- Bechuanaland (protectorate)
Bermuda
- British concession in Tianjin
British Cyprus
British Guiana
British Honduras
British Leeward Islands
British Mauritius
British occupied German Cameroon
British occupied German East Africa
- British-occupied German Togoland
- British-occupied Sublime State of Persia
British Raj (Indian Empire)[13]
- Aden Settlement (Province of Aden) (protectorate)
- Agencies
Kingdom of Sikkim (protectorate)
- Princely States (vassals)
British Somaliland Protectorate
- British Western Pacific Territories
British Windward Islands
Central-Caspian Dictatorship (protectorate)
Ceylon
Colony of the Bahama Islands
Colony of Barbados
Colony of Jamaica and Dependencies
Colony of Nigeria
Colony of Trinidad and Tobago
Commonwealth of Australia[13]
Company rule in Rhodesia
Crown Colony of Malta
Crown colony of Seychelles
Dominion of Canada[13]
- Canadian-occupied Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic[3]
Dominion of Newfoundland[13]
Dominion of New Zealand[13]
East Africa Protectorate
Falkland Islands
Federated Malay States (protectorate)
Gambia Colony and Protectorate
Gibraltar
Gold Coast
Hong Kong
Khedivate of Egypt (protectorate)
Kingdom of Tonga (protectorate)
Military Dictatorship of Mughan
Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Brunei Darussalam) (Sultanate of Brunei) (protectorate)
New Hebrides
Northern Persia (protectorate)
- Nyasaland
- Occupation of Constantinople
- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
Saint Helena
Sheikhdom of Kuwait (protectorate)
- State of Qatar (protectorate)
Straits Settlements
Sultanate of Egypt (protectorate)
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (protectorate)
Sultanate of Zanzibar (protectorate)
- Swaziland (protectorate)
- Trucial States (Trucial Oman) (Truicial Sheikhdoms) (Trucial Coast) (protectorate)
- Unfederated Malay States (protectorate)
Union of South Africa[13]
Wituland (protectorate)
- British Military
- British-occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- British-occupied RSFSR
- Constituent Countries of the United Kingdom
- Crown Dependencies of the British Crown
- British Empire[14][13]
United States of America[14][13]
- American Military
- American-occupied Republic of Cuba
- American-occupied Republic of Haiti
- American-occupied Republic of Nicaragua
- American-occupied RSFSR
- Bajo Nuevo Bank
- Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
- Howland Island
- Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
- Johnston Atoll
- Kingman Reef
- Midway Atoll
Panama Canal Zone
- Puerto Rico
Republic of Cuba (protectorate)[14][13]
Republic of Nicaragua (protectorate)[14][13]
Republic of Panama (protectorate)[14][13]
- States
- Alabama
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
Territory of Alaska
- Territory of American Samoa
- Territory of Guam
Territory of Hawaii
- United States Virgin Islands
- Wake Island
Non-state actors
[edit]Andorran volunteers
- Arab Revolt (Arab Army)
- Armenian national movement
Assyria
Basters under Cornelius van Wyk
- Iroquois Confederacy
Latvian Provisional Government
Left SRs[f]
- Polish Legions
Pontic Greeks
- Supreme War Council
White Army (White Guard) (Whites)[note 3]
Mensheviks
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
Georgian Menshevik Party
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Transcaucasian Seim
- Transcaucasian-occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Transcaspian Government
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
- Military Dictatorship of Mughan
Right SRs
Russian Republic[14]
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Transcaucasian-occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
- Transcaspian Government
Russian State
Bashkiria
- Provisional All-Russian Government (PA-RG) (Omsk Directory) (Ufa Directory) (The Directory)
Russian Armed Forces
Russian Air Forces
- Russian Army
Russian Fleet
- White émigrés
Yakutia
Zionists
Central Powers and Co-belligerents
[edit]The Central Powers were a group of countries opposing the Allies. They were (in order of joining) Austria-Hungary, the German Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria, among others.
List
[edit]- Colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Belarusian People's Republic
Crimean Regional Government
Crimean People's Republic
Democratic Republic of Georgia
Dervish State
Don Republic
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
Emirate of Jabal Shammar
German Realm
Duchy of Anhalt
Duchy of Brunswick
Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
Free and Hanseatic City of Bremen
Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
Free People's State of Württemberg
Free State of Brunswick
Free State of Lippe
Free State of Oldenburg
Free State of Saxe-Meiningen
Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Free State of Prussia
German Cameroon
- German concession in Hankou
German concession in Hankou
German concession in Tianjin
German New Guinea
- German occupied French Republic
- German occupied Grand Dutchy of Luxembourg
- German occupied Kingdom of Romania
- German occupied Portuguese Mozambique
German Samoa
German South West Africa
Government General of Warsaw
Grand Duchy of Baden
Grand Duchy of Hesse
Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
Grand Duchy of Saxony
Imperial German General Government of Belgium
Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine
Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
Kingdom of Bavaria
Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Saxony
Kingdom of Württemberg
Neutral Moresnet
- Northern Dobruja
People's State of Hesse
Principality of Lippe
Principality of Reuss-Gera
Principality of Reuss-Greiz
Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont
Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East
Togoland Protectorate (6–26 August 1914)[16][k]
German East Africa (since 5 August 1914)[17]
Kingdom of Bulgaria
- Bulgarian occupied Kingdom of Greece
- Bulgarian occupied Kingdom of Serbia
- Bulgarian occupied Principality of Albania
- Northern Dobruja
Kingdom of Finland
Kingdom of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
- Kuban People's Republic
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
Republic of Finland
South African Provisional Government
Sublime Ottoman State
- Ottoman-occupied Aden Protectorate
- Ottoman-occupied Republic of Armenia
- Ottoman-occupied Russian Empire
- Ottoman-occupied State of Qatar
- Ottoman-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Ottoman-occupied Sultanate of Egypt
- Ottoman-occupied Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Ottoman-occupied Emirate of Upper Asir
Yemen Vilayet
- Regional Government of Northwest Russia
Sultanate of Darfur
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
- Austro-Hungarian concession in Tianjin
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Itay
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Montenegro
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Romania
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Principality of Albania
- Austro-Hungarian protectorate of Albania
- Carpathian passes
City of Fiume and its District
Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Imperial and Royal Military Administration in Serbia
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
Kingdom of Hungary
- Northern Dobruja
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council
- Austro-Hungarian concession in Tianjin
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Itay
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Montenegro
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Romania
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Principality of Albania
- Carpathian passes
Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Duchy of Bukovina
Duchy of Carinthia
Duchy of Carniola
Duchy of Salzburg
Duchy of Styria
Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
- Imperial and Royal Military Administration in Serbia
Imperial Free City of Trieste
Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Dalmatia
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Margraviate of Istria
Margraviate of Moravia
- Northern Dobruja
Princely County of Tyrol
Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
United Baltic Duchy
Ukrainian People's Republic
Ukrainian State
- Non-state actors
- 'Anazzah
- Ag Kaocen's forces
- Alibi Dzhangildin and Amankeldi Imanov's forces
- Auliyahan'
- Barue forces
Basmachi
- Bussa forces
- Charlemagne Péralte's forces
- Dasa's forces
- Dashti people
- Desiderio Arias's forces
- Egba's forces
- Hibernian Rifles
- Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
- Irish Citizen Army
Irish Republican Brotherhood
- Irish Volunteers
- Iwellemmedans
- Jangal movement
- John Chilembwe's forces
- Kokonur forces
- Makonbe forces
- Laristani people
- Persian Central Government Gendarmerie
- Polish Legions
- Phu Mi Bun Movement
- Qashqai people
Senussi
- Simko Shikak's forces
- Tangistani people
- The Fianna of Ireland
- The Irishwomen's Council
- Trinh Can's forces
- Tulante Buta's forces
White movement
- Villistas
- Zaian Confederation
State actors
[edit]- Bussa Emirate[l]
Crimean People's Republic[m]
Free Socialist Republic of Germany[n]
Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic
Bavarian Soviet Republic
Bremen Soviet Republic
Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
German Colonial Empire
- German-occupied Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- German-occupied Kingdom of Belgium
- German-occupied Third French Republic
- General Governorate of Warsaw
Imperial German Army
Imperial German Navy
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- States of the German Empire
People's State of Bavaria
Saxonian Soviet Republic
Spartacus League (Spartacists)
Würzburg Soviet Republic
Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (Ober Ost)
- Territories ceded by Russia
Ukrainian State (Second Hetmanate)
Imamate of Oman
Irish Republic[p]
German Realm (Second German Reich)[14][13][q]
Bermontians
Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
German Colonial Empire
- German-occupied Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- German-occupied Kingdom of Belgium
- German-occupied Russian Empire
- German-occupied Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar
- German-occupied Third French Republic
- General Governorate of Warsaw
Imperial German Army
Imperial German Navy
- Indian independence committee[r]
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
Kingdom of Poland (puppet state)
- States of the German Empire
Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (Ober Ost)
- Territories ceded by Russia
Baltic Duchy
Belarusian People's Republic
Crimean Regional Government
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
- German Estonia
German-occupied Don Republic (Don Cossacks)
Kingdom of Lithuania
Ukrainian State (Second Hetmanate)
Ukrainian People's Republic (German occupation zone)[u]
White Finland (Republic of Finland/Kingdom of Finland)
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen[14][13][v]
- Austrian Colonial Empire
- Austrian-occupied Kingdom of Italy
- Austrian-occupied Kingdom of Serbia
- Austro-Hungarian Military
Kingdom of Poland (puppet state)
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
- Kingdom of Hungary
Principality of Transylvania
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council (Cisleithania)
Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Municipalities
Austrian Littoral
County of Tyrol
Crown Land of Salzburg
Duchy of Bukovina
Duchy of Carinthia
Duchy of Carniola
Duchy of Styria
Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
Imperial Free City of Trieste
Lands of the Bohemian Crown
Kingdom of Dalmatia
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
Ukrainian People's Republic (Austrian occupation zone)[w]
The Sublime Ottoman State[14][13]
- Damascus Eyalet
Kars Republic (protectorate)
- Minor allies of the Ottoman Empire
- Ahl Haydara Mansur
- 'Anazzah
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Basmachi
Khanate of Khiva under Junaid Khan
- Central Asian revolt of 1916 (Turkic tribal confederations)
Dervish state
Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Ethiopian Empire (Lij Iyasu loyalists)
Mountain Republic (Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus) (MRNC) (Republic of the Mountaineers) (United Republics of the North Caucasus)
North Caucasian Emirate
Republic of Aras
Senussi order
- Shekak tribe
Sultanate of Darfur
- Ottoman Arabia
- Ottoman Military
- Ottoman-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Ottoman-occupied Republic of Armenia
- Ottoman-occupied Russian Empire
- Ottoman-occupied Sultanate of Egypt
- Ottoman-occupied Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Territories ceded by Russia
- Yemen Vilayet
Tsardom of Bulgaria[14][13]
- Bulgarian-occupied Kingdom of Greece
- Bulgarian-occupied Kingdom of Serbia
- Bulgarian occupied Principality of Albania
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO)
Weimar Republic[14][x]
Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
Free State of Bavaria
Free State of Prussia
German Colonial Empire
- German-occupied Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- German-occupied Kingdom of Belgium
- German-occupied Third French Republic
- General Governorate of Warsaw
Imperial German Army
Imperial German Navy
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- States of the German Empire
Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (Ober Ost)
- Territories ceded by Russia
Ukrainian State (Second Hetmanate)
Non-state actors
[edit]- Aulihan
- Barue rebels
- Berbers
Cacos (Charlemagne Péralte's forces)
- Conventionists
- Egba rebels
Green Armies[z]
- Indian revolutionaries
Iranian rebels
- Achomi people
- Dashti people
- Democrat Party
- Dowlat Movaqat Melli (Provisional National Government)[19]
Jangal Movement
Persian Central Government Gendarmerie
- Pro-German government of Shiraz under Mehdi Qoli Hedayat
- Qashqai people
- John Chilembwe's forces
- Makonde people[aa]
Manchu Restoration
Ministry of War of the Dominican Republic under Desiderio Arias
- Phu Mi Bun movement[ab]
- Polish Legions
- Volta-Bani Rebels
White Army (White Guard) (Whites)[ac]
- Declared neutral colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
Kingdom of Denmark
Danish West Indies
Greenland
Iceland
Kingdom of Norway[ae]
Kingdom of Spain
Kingdom of Sweden[af]
Kingdom of the Netherlands[ag]
Sublime State of Persia[ah]
Swiss Confederation[ai]
- De facto neutral colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
Argentine Republic
Banat Republic
Bogd Khanate of Outer Mongolia
- Chokwe Kingdom
Emirate of Afghanistan[aj]
Emirate of Bukhara
Empire of China
Ethiopian Empire[ak]
Free State of Bottleneck
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg[al]
Hungary[am]
Idel-Ural State
Karakorum Government
Khanate of Khiva
- Kingdom of Bhutan
Komancza Republic
Moldavian Democratic Republic
Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Peruvian Republic
Principality of Liechtenstein[an]
Principality of Monaco[ao]
- Radomir Republic[ap]
Republic of Bolivia
Republic of Chile
Republic of Colombia
Republic of Ecuador
Republic of El Salvador[aq]
- Republic of Estonia
Republic of Lithuania
Republic of Paraguay
Republic of Tarnobrzeg
Shanghai International Settlement
Sheikdom of Upper Asir
- Spitsbergen[ar]
Sultanate of Sulu
Tibet[as]
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council[at]
United Mexican States[au]
United States of Venezuela
- Non-state actors
- Aboriginal Australians
- Chukchi people
- Cinta Larga
- Cuanhama
- Guangdong
- Guangxi
- Guizhou
- Hunan
- Inuit
- Kimbundu people
- Lunda people
Ma clique
- Nganasan people
- Oaxaca
- Papuan people
- Semirechye Cossacks
- Shanxi clique
- Siberian Cossacks
- Sichuan clique
- Turkana people
- Xinjiang clique
- Yanomami
List of Countries Participating in World War I
[edit]Flag | Country (official name), army, or party | Country (common name), army, or party | Years when entity participated in the war | Allied Power | Central Power | Strength | Casualties | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Military Casualties | Civilian Casualties | Total Casualties | ||||||||
![]() |
Kingdom of Serbia | Serbia | 1914–1915 | ✓ | 707,000 | 275,000[20] | 525,000[20] | 300,000[20] | [21][22][23] | |
![]() |
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen and colonies | Austria-Hungary / Austro-Hungarian Empire | 1914–1918 | ✓ | 7,800,000 | 1,460,000[20] | 400,000?[20] | 1,860,000[20] | [21][24][23] | |
![]() |
Russian Empire | Russia | 1914–1917 | ✓ | 12,000,000 | 1,811,000 | 1,500,000 | 3,311,000 | [21][25][better source needed] | |
![]() |
German Realm and colonies | Germany / German Empire | 1914–1918 | ✓ | 13,250,000 | 2,037,000[20] | 700,000[20] | 2,737,000[20] | [21] | |
![]() |
Third French Republic and colonies | France / French Empire | 1914–1918 | ✓ | Total figures for the French Empire: 8,660,000 | 1,327,000[20] | 600,000[20] | 1,927,000[20] | [21] | |
Czechoslovak Legion | Czech Legion | 1914–1918 | ✓ | |||||||
![]() |
Kingdom of Belgium and colonies | Belgium / Belgian Empire | 1914 | ✓ | 380,000 | 38,000[20] | 50,000[20] | 88,000[20] | [21] | |
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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and colonies | United Kingdom / British Empire | 1914-1918 | ✓ | Total figures for the British Empire: 8,842,000 | 750,000[20] | 600,000 | 1.350,000[20] | [21][26] | |
![]() |
Commonwealth of Australia | Australia | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 61,966[20] | 61,966[20] | ||||
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Dominion of Canada | Canada | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 620,000 | 64,944 | 2,000 | 66,944 | ||
![]() |
Dominion of Newfoundland | Newfoundland | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 1,204 | 1,204 | ||||
![]() |
Dominion of New Zealand | New Zealand | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 18,052[20] | 18,052[20] | ||||
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Khedivate of Egypt | Egypt | 1914 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Indian Empire | British India, British Hindustan, British Raj | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 74,187 | 74,187 | ||||
![]() |
Kingdom of Nepal | Nepal | 1914-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
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Sultanate of Egypt | Egypt | 1914-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
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Union of South Africa | South Africa | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 9,463 | 9,463 | ||||
![]() |
Republic of Liberia | Liberia | 1914-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
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Kingdom of Montenegro | Montenegro | 1914-1915 | ✓ | 50,000 | 13,000[20] | 13,000[20] | [21] | ||
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Empire of Japan and colonies | Japan / Japanese Empire | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 800,000 | 1000[20] | 1000[20] | [21] | ||
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South African Republic | Maritz rebellion | 1914-1915 | ✓ | 12,000 | 124 | 124 | |||
![]() |
Principality of Albania | Albania | 1914-1916 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Sublime Ottoman State | Ottoman Empire / Turkish Empire / Turkey / Ottoman Turkey | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 2,998,000 | 325,000[20] | 1,000,000-2,000,000 (from the Armenian Genocide) [20] | 2,325,000[20] | [21][27] | |
![]() |
Emirate of Jabbal Shammar | Jabbal Shammar | 1914-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
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Idrisid Emirate of Asir | Asir | 1915-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
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Kingdom of Italy | Italy / Italian Empire | 1915-1918 | ✓ | 5,615,000 | 460,000[20] | 700,000?[20] | 1,160,000[20] | [21] | |
![]() |
Tsardom of Bulgaria | Bulgaria / Kingdom of Bulgaria | 1915-1918 | ✓ | 1,200,000 | 87,000 | 300,000[20] | 388,000[20] | [21] | |
![]() |
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa | Nejd / Nejd and Hasa | 1915-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Senussiyya | Senussi | 1915-1917 | ✓ | [28][29] | |||||
![]() |
Portugese Republic and colonies | Portugal / Portugese Empire | 1916-1918 | ✓ | 80,000 | 7,000[20] | 7,000[20] | [21][30] | ||
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Irish Nationalists | Irish Rebels | 1916, 1917, 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz | Hejaz / Arab Revolt | 1916-1918 | ✓ | [31] | |||||
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Kingdom of Romania | Romania | 1916-1918 | ✓ | 658,000 | 250,000[20] | 300,000[20] | 550,000[20] | [21][32] | |
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Provisional Government of National Defence | Thessaloniki | 1916-1917 | ✓ | [33] | |||||
![]() |
Kingdom of Poland | Poland | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [34] | |||||
![]() |
Russian Provisional Government | Russia | 1917 | ✓ | [21][35][36] | |||||
![]() |
United States of America and colonies | United States | 1917-1918 | ✓ | 4,744,000 | 117,000[20] | 117,000[20] | [21][37] | ||
![]() |
Republic of Panama | Panama | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Republic of Cuba | Cuba | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Russian Republic | Russia | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Kingdom of Greece | Greece | 1917-1918 | ✓ | 250,000 | 25,000[20] | 25,000[20] | [21] | ||
![]() |
Republic of China | China | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Kingdom of Siam | Siam | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Republic of the United States of Brazil | Brazil | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
Haudenosaunee Confederacy | Iroquois | 1917-1918 | ✓ | |||||||
![]() |
Republic of Peru | Peru | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [15] | |||||
![]() |
Alash Autonomy | Kazakhstan / Alash-Orda | 1917-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
White Army[note 4] | Whites | 1917-1918 | ✓[note 5] | ✓[note 5] | |||||
![]() |
Turkestan Autonomy | Turkestan | 1917-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Kuban People's Republic | Kuban / Kuban Cossacks | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic | Soviet Russia / Bolshevik Russia | 1918 | ✓[av] | [38] | |||||
![]() |
Kingdom of Finland | Finland / White Finland | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Kingdom of Lithuania | Lithuania | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Republic of Finland | Finland | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Belarusian People's Republic | Belarus / White Ruthenia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
United Baltic Duchy / Grand Duchy of Livonia | Baltic Duchy / Livonia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic | Transcaucasia / Transcaucasian Federation | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Republic of Armenia | Armenia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic | Azerbaijan | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Democratic Republic of Georgia | Georgia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Ukrainian People's Republic | Ukraine | 1918 | ✓[aw] | ✓[ax] | |||||
Ukrainian State | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||||
![]() |
Crimean People's Republic | Crimea | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Crimean Regional Government | 1918, 1919 | ✓ | |||||||
![]() |
Republic of Guatemala | Guatemala | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Republic of Nicaragua | Nicaragua | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
First Costa Rican Republic | Costa Rica | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Republic of Haiti | Haiti | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Republic of Bolivia | Bolivia | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Republic of Ecuador | Ecuador | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Oriental Republic of Urugay | Urugay | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Republic of Honduras | Honduras | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
![]() |
Centrocaspian Dictatorship | Centro-caspian Dictatorship | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
First Czechoslovak Republic | Czechoslovakia / Bohemia / Czechia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs | Yugoslavia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
![]() |
Second Polish Republic | Poland | 1918 | ✓ |
Declarations of war
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg/450px-Map_Europe_alliances_1914-en.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/World_War_I_1914_08_04.png/450px-World_War_I_1914_08_04.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/World_War_I_1918_05.png/450px-World_War_I_1918_05.png)
The following table shows the timeline of the several declarations of war among the belligerent powers. Entries on a yellow background show severed diplomatic relations only, not actual declarations of war.
Date | Declarer | On |
---|---|---|
1914 | ||
July 28 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 1 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 3 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 4 | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() | |
August 5 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 6 | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() | |
August 9 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 11 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 12 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 22 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 23 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 25 | ![]() |
![]() |
October 5 | ![]() |
![]() |
November 1 | ![]() |
![]() |
November 2 | ![]() |
![]() |
November 3 | ![]() |
![]() |
November 5 | ![]() ![]() |
![]() |
1915 | ||
May 23 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 21 | ![]() |
![]() |
October 14 | ![]() |
![]() |
October 15 | ![]() ![]() |
![]() |
October 16 | ![]() |
![]() |
October 19 | ![]() ![]() |
![]() |
1916 | ||
March 9 | ![]() |
![]() |
March 15 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 27 | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() | |
August 28 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 30 | ![]() |
![]() |
November 1 | ![]() |
![]() |
1917 | ||
April 6 | ![]() |
![]() |
April 7 | ![]() ![]() |
![]() |
April 10 | ![]() |
![]() |
April 13 | ![]() |
![]() |
April 20 | ![]() |
![]() |
July 2 | ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
July 22 | ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
August 4 | ![]() |
![]() |
August 14 | ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
October 6 | ![]() |
![]() |
October 7 | ![]() |
![]() |
October 26 | ![]() |
![]() |
December 7 | ![]() |
![]() |
December 7 | ![]() |
![]() |
December 10 | ![]() |
![]() |
December 16 | ![]() |
![]() |
1918 | ||
April 23 | ![]() |
![]() |
May 8 | ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
May 23 | ![]() |
![]() |
July 12 | ![]() |
![]() |
July 19 | ![]() |
![]() |
November 10 | ![]() |
![]() |
See also
[edit]- World War I
- Allies of World War I
- Central Powers
- Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
- Russian entry into World War I
- German entry into World War I
- French entry into World War I
- British entry into World War I
- Ottoman entry into World War I
- American entry into World War I
- International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
- Russian Civil War
Notes
[edit]- ^ since 1830 was Neutral Moresnet a condominium between Prussia (later Germany) and Belgium. Both countries had the right to protect the region.[10] On the same day of the German invasion in Belgium, the region was occupied by Germany. Until the end of the war and was in the Treaty of Versailles treaty annexed by Belgium.[11]
- ^ armistice since 15 December 1917, allied power during the Battle of Zhmerynka, Operation Faustschlag, the Crimea Operation, and the Sochi conflict
- ^ When Naissaar was invaded by German forces
- ^ During/after the German-backed coup d'état
- ^ Unified with the UPR on 22 January 1919
- ^ After the Left SR uprising
- ^ against the German-backed Hetmanate
- ^ against the German-backed Hetmanate
- ^ against the German-backed Hetmanate
- ^ during the Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
- ^ From 26 August 1914, the Protectorate was occupied by the Alied forces until the Treaty of Versailles, on 20 July 1922 which officially divided the Protectorate between the UK and France.[5]
- ^ during the Bussa rebellion
- ^ during the Crimea Operation
- ^ After November 9 1918
- ^ Initially
- ^ disputed with the United Kingdom
- ^ Until November 9 1918
- ^ during the Hindu-German conspiracy
- ^ Initially
- ^ during the Anti-Hetman Uprising
- ^ during the Battle of Zhmerynka, Operation Faustschlag, and the Crimea Operation. Officially a Central Power since the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
- ^ until 31 October 1918
- ^ during the Battle of Zhmerynka, Operation Faustschlag, and the Crimea Operation. Officially a Central Power since the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
- ^ After November 9 1918
- ^ participating in the Pancho Villa Expedition before the United States joined the Allies
- ^ during the Sochi conflict
- ^ during the Makonbe uprising
- ^ during the Holy Man's Rebellion
- ^ Some members of the Whites aligned themselves with the Entente, and others aligned themselves with the Central Powers.
- ^ Countries that that first were neutral but then joined WWI are not included in this list.
- ^ Gave naval assistance to the United Kingdom
- ^ Non-belligerent
- ^ Traded with both sides
- ^ Civil dispute and Allied Campaign against Ottomans
- ^ Switzerland did declare a "state of siege"
- ^ Received a German diplomatic mission trying to convince it to act against the British in India
- ^ Supported Central Powers and was on the verge of entering the war before Iyasu V's dethronement
- ^ Never declared war on the Central Powers despite being invaded and occupied by Germany
- ^ from 31 October 1918
- ^ Had a customs and monetary union with Austria-Hungary
- ^ aligned with the Allied Powers
- ^ As an anti-war republic
- ^ aligned with the Allied Powers
- ^ before the Spitsbergen Treaty
- ^ aligned with the Allied Powers
- ^ from 31 October 1918
- ^ Declined an alliance with Germany (see Zimmermann Telegram)
- ^ see note b
- ^ see note d
- ^ see note u
- ^ Few soldiers were in France, and they did not fight against the Germans. However, Liberia did declare war on Germany.
- ^ disbanded before the United States joined the war
- ^ Some members of the Whites aligned themselves with the Entente, and others aligned themselves with the Central Powers.
- ^ The White Movement fought the Bolsheviks (RSFSR) but they both were fighting Germany until the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918.
- ^ a b Some members of the Whites aligned themselves with the Entente, and others aligned themselves with the Central Powers.
- ^ British Empire was the common term for the United Kingdom and its overseas possessions at this time. The term refers to the colonies it controlled, to the Indian Empire, which, while not officially designated a colony, was functionally indistinguishable from one, and the British Dominions - former colonies which were self-governing in most respects but whose foreign policy was controlled by London; Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand and South Africa. At that time, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland also included the entire island of Ireland.
Further reading
[edit]- Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). World War I. ABC CLIO. ISBN 9789386316752.
References
[edit]- ^ Tennyson 2014, p. 4[Broken link]
- ^ Norman 2008, p. 40[Broken link]
- ^ a b Moffat, Ian C. D. "Forgotten Battlefields – Canadians in Siberia 1918 – 1919". Canadian Military Journal. Department of National Defence. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ "宣戦の詔書 [Sensen no shōsho, Imperial Rescript on Declaration of War] Kanpō, Extra ed., Aug. 23, 1914" (PDF). Library of Congress (in Japanese). 23 August 1914.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, p. 15.
- ^ Fox, Sir Frank (1914). The Agony of Belgium The Invasion of Belgium in WWI August-December 1914. Beaumont Fox 2nd edition 2014. p. 19.
- ^ Strachan 2003, p. 585.
- ^ Stiénon 1917, pp. 135–137.
- ^ Musgrave 1918, p. 8.
- ^ "Awaiting a Crisis in Belgium" (PDF). New York Times. 13 September 1903. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^ "Peace Treaty of Versailles Articles 31 - 117 and Annexes Political Clauses for Europe". net.lib.byu. 11 November 1998. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^ Marques 1991, p. 343.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai "List of Participants in World War I". The Great War. WordPress. August 26, 2008. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "Participants in World War I". World War I Centennial. n.d. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ^ a b Das, Darshana; Ray, Michael; et al. (December 23, 2019). "Allied powers | History & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2022-08-22.
- ^ Friedenwald 2001, pp. 11–12[Broken link]
- ^ Hordern 1990, pp. 41–42.
- ^ "Government of Andrievs Niedra". Military Heritage Tourism. n.d. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
- ^ "Persia/Iran".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap "World War 1 casualties". 100letprve.si. n.d. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Online Highways (n.d.). "World War I Participants". u-s-history.com. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ^ The Outbreak of WWI - How Europe Spiraled Into the GREAT WAR - Week 1. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ a b How World War I Started: Crash Course World History 209. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ The Outbreak of WWI - How Europe Spiraled Into the GREAT WAR - Week 1. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ How World War I Started: Crash Course World History 209. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ Archdukes, Cynicism, and World War I: Crash Course World History #36. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ The World at War - The Ottoman Empire Enters The Stage I THE GREAT WAR Week 15. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ The Forgotten Front - World War 1 in Libya I THE GREAT WAR - Week 69. Retrieved 2021-06-01 – via YouTube.
- ^ Bulgaria Digs In At Doiran - The Final Blow Against The Senussi I THE GREAT WAR Week 133. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Portugal | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)". encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- ^ The Brusilov Offensive - The Arab Revolt I THE GREAT WAR Week 98. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ Romania Joins The War I THE GREAT WAR Week 110. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ Nivelle's Spring Offensive - Royal Conspiracy In Greece I THE GREAT WAR Week 131. Retrieved 2021-05-29 – via YouTube.
- ^ Charming The Poles - The Central Powers Look For New Allies I THE GREAT WAR Week 120. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ The Russian February Revolution 1917 I THE GREAT WAR Week 137. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ The Tsar Abdicates - Baghdad Falls I THE GREAT WAR Week 138. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ The United States Declares War on Germany I THE GREAT WAR Week 141. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ^ The Russian October Revolution 1917 I THE GREAT WAR Week 172. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
External links
[edit]Events leading to World War I |
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See also
[edit]- Allies of World War I
- Triple Entente
- Triple Alliance
- Central Powers
- Participants in World War II
- Casualties of World War I
Bibliography
[edit]- Hordern, C. (1990) [1941]. Military Operations East Africa: August 1914 – September 1916. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-89839-158-9.
- Strachan, H. (2003) [2001]. The First World War: To Arms. Vol. I (pbk. ed.). Oxford: OUP. ISBN 978-0-19-926191-8.
- Martin, Lawrence (2007). The treaties of peace, 1919–1923. Vol. 2. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-58477-708-3.
- Oliveira Marques, António Henrique R. de (1991). Nova história de Portugal: Portugal da Monarquia para a República (in Portuguese). Editorial Presença. ISBN 9789722314206.
- Stiénon, C. (1917). La campagne anglo-belge de l'Afrique Orientale Allemande (in French). Paris:Berger-Levrault.
- Musgrave, George Clarke (1918). Under Four Flags for France. New York: D. Appleton & Company. OCLC 1157994.